A matrix-valued function is a matrix which, instead of having simple numbers in each component, has functions. Here’s another way to think of it: putting independent variables into this function will lead to you getting a matrix out of the function.
Source: “5.1 Matrix-valued functions” by DarrenOngCL
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Disclaimer:
I am not a professional in this field, nor do I claim to know all of the jargon that is typically used in this field. I am not summarizing my sources; I simply read from a variety of websites until I feel like I understand enough about a topic to move on to what I actually wanted to learn. If I am inaccurate in what I say or you know a better, simpler way to explain a concept, I would be happy to hear from you :).